Saturday, 24 September 2016

dml statements in sql

DML


Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing data within schema objects. Some examples:
  • SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
  • INSERT - insert data into a table
  • UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
  • DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
  • MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)
  • CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
  • EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
  • LOCK TABLE - control concurrency

ddl statements in sql

ddl statements in sql

DDL


Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used to define the database structure or schema. Some examples:
  • CREATE - to create objects in the database
  • ALTER - alters the structure of the database
  • DROP - delete objects from the database
  • TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed
  • COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
  • RENAME - rename an object

Friday, 2 September 2016

as operator in c#

abstract in c#

abstract (C# Reference)

The abstract modifier indicates that the thing being modified has a missing or incomplete implementation. 
The abstract modifier can be used with classes, methods, properties, indexers, and events. 
Use the abstract modifier in a class declaration to indicate that a class is intended only to be a base class of other classes. 
Members marked as abstract, or included in an abstract class, must be implemented by classes that derive from the abstract class.


abstract class ShapesClass
{
    abstract public int Area();
}
class Square : ShapesClass
{
    int side = 0;

    public Square(int n)
    {
        side = n;
    }
    // Area method is required to avoid
    // a compile-time error.
    public override int Area()
    {
        return side * side;
    }

    static void Main() 
    {
        Square sq = new Square(12);
        Console.WriteLine("Area of the square = {0}", sq.Area());
    }

    interface I
    {
        void M();
    }
    abstract class C : I
    {
        public abstract void M();
    }

}
// Output: Area of the square = 144